Berkeley Linguistics Society @berkeleylingsoc
This year BLS will host a workshop on Phonological Representations, February 7-8, 2020 linguistics.berkeley.edu/bls/ Berkeley, CA Joined September 2015-
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And... that's a wrap! #BLSW2020 was a resounding success! A big thanks to our speakers, presenters, organizers, and volunteers. Stay tuned for an exit survey, and follow us to stay connected for BLS 2021...!
Drager: There is some truth in that when we're so guided by certain theories and choose tasks and what to focus on based on those theories, we're not really doing ourselves any favors in finding answers. But the theories drive the questions: What is possible in human language?
Keith Johnson closes #BLSW2020 by moderating a panel discussion featuring our invited speakers!
Q: Should we ask what would prove our viewpoints wrong?
Q: What's up with gradient symbolic representations? Do we need them?
Keith’s summary of themes and questions from the workshop!
Q: Is there a good theoretical motivation to treat everything as additive?
Shih: We can debate how to use statistical models to model data if we're just interested in describing the data, but if we want a model of what speakers do, this needs to be based in what we know about human cognition. Are humans comfortable with gradient categories in general?
Q: Did you control for syntactic context of 'just'? A: No, we only looked at following and preceding word. Q: Does vowel quality depend on prosodic factors?
This matters for goals of phonology: If we want to describe the full range of factors that affect the way speakers speak and how sounds are perceived, we can't ignore social variation.
Penultimate event of BLSW2020! @katiedrager's plenary "From variable rules to exemplar-based models: A sociolinguistic perspective on the mental representation of sounds"
Q: Once you have word-level information that moves on its own, how do you envision a classic neo-grammarian sound change? A: Probably not every word can move around so freely, not every word is a viable candidate to be untethered from its lexical set.
Q: Conventional wisdom says 'little words' have at least two phonemic forms (e.g. /tu/ and /tə/). Has 'just' joined the inventory of 'little words'? A: This is why we wanted to compare it to both grammatical and content words. It doesn't pattern with grammatical words.
Q: Where does this leave us as far as linguistic modularity? What's the processing line like? A: In spontaneous speech, I think social information in a very rich way of all the things you want to convey is linked to the detailed phonetic representation.
Q: What could be a mechanism for how phonetic information is linked to social information? A: We see evidence that these are linked at lots of different levels, but there are still open questions we need more evidence for.
Q: Would NZE speakers tell you 'just' rhymes with 'mist' or 'must'? Is this incomplete neutralization? Could this be a different path to get at phonological category?
Q: It seems you were resisting treating 'just' as a lexical exception. It seems there's plenty of reason to think that it is. A: I guess I don't want to go in with the assumption that it is an exception, and I'm not entirely ready to say that it is. It does parallel
Social factors are linked in systematic ways with how sounds pattern, and can be linked in ways that hide effects from linguistic factors if social factors are not considered.
If lexical representations are phonetically detailed, and phonetic detail is linked with both detailed social information and phonological representations: socioindexical links are available during speech and these factors can activate each other
Phonetic detail linked with detailed social information. People have all kinds of ideas based on speech! (Including hair style.) (Drager, Schutz, Chun Comstock, & Chik, in press)
Exemplar-based models: Lexical info stored as phonetically-detailed lexical representations. Experience based, linked with phoneme-level representation, emerging as abstract generalization over contents of the lexicon. Phoneme-level representations are themselves prob'istic
Challenges for variable rules: -word-specific phoneme-level representations? -stochastic rules or constraints containing word-level information? -phonetically gradient space
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